Who created the “critical pedagogy” where the teacher does not teach but is learning while in dialogue with the students?

Critical pedagogy is primarily associated with the work of Brazilian educator Paulo Freire. Freire's influential book, "Pedagogy of the Oppressed," published in 1970, emphasizes the importance of dialogue in education, advocating for a participatory approach where teachers and students engage in a mutual learning process. In this framework, the traditional roles of teacher and student are redefined; rather than merely transmitting knowledge, teachers facilitate discussions that allow students to critically engage with content, reflect on their experiences, and develop a deeper understanding of the social and political contexts affecting their lives. This pedagogical approach encourages critical thinking and social justice, aiming to empower students to question and transform the world around them.