Is a molecule of hydrogen chloride (HCl) polar or nonpolar?Multiple choice question.bothnonpolarpolarneither

Analysis of Polarity in Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)

1. Definition of Polarity: A molecule is considered polar if it has a net dipole moment due to the presence of polar bonds and an asymmetrical shape.

2. Structure of HCl: Hydrogen chloride (HCl) consists of one hydrogen atom bonded to one chlorine atom.

3. Electronegativity Difference:

   • Hydrogen (H) has an electronegativity of approximately 2.1.
   • Chlorine (Cl) has an electronegativity of approximately 3.0.
   • The difference in electronegativity is calculated as follows: $\Delta EN = EN_{Cl} - EN_{H} = 3.0 - 2.1 = 0.9$
   • This difference indicates that the bond between H and Cl is polar, with Cl having a partial negative charge ($\delta^-$) and H having a partial positive charge ($\delta^+$).

4. Molecular Geometry: HCl is a linear molecule, which maintains the polarity of the bond due to the difference in electronegativity.

Conclusion

Based on the electronegativity difference and the linear structure of HCl, it is concluded that hydrogen chloride is a polar molecule.

Final Answer

Polar