What is the name given to the collection of calcium carbonate crystals whose movement over hair cells triggers impulses to the brain concerning body position

The collection of calcium carbonate crystals that you are referring to is known as "otoliths." Otoliths are found in the inner ear and are part of the vestibular system, which plays a crucial role in maintaining balance and spatial orientation. These small, rock-like structures are situated in the otolithic membrane above hair cells within the maculae of the utricle and saccule.

When the head moves, these otoliths shift due to inertia, exerting pressure on the hair cells beneath them. This mechanical movement causes the hair cells to bend, generating electrical impulses that are transmitted to the brain via the vestibular nerve. The brain then processes this information to help maintain equilibrium and coordinate movement. This system is vital for activities that require balance, such as walking or standing, and it also assists in detecting linear accelerations.