Content validity is a characteristic of the research questionnaire that is manifested by:

Content validity is manifested by the extent to which a research questionnaire accurately measures what it is intended to measure. It is about the comprehensiveness and representativeness of the items in the questionnaire.

Here are the steps to ensure content validity:

1. Clearly Define What You Want to Measure: The first step in ensuring content validity is to have a clear understanding of what you want to measure. This involves defining the construct or concept that you are interested in.

2. Create a Pool of Questions: Once you have a clear definition of what you want to measure, the next step is to create a pool of questions that cover all aspects of the construct.

3. Review the Questions: After creating the pool of questions, the next step is to review them to ensure that they are clear, unambiguous, and accurately represent the construct you want to measure.

4. Test the Questionnaire: The next step is to test the questionnaire on a small sample of your target population. This will help you identify any problems with the questions and make necessary adjustments.

5. Review and Revise: Based on the feedback from the test, review and revise the questions as necessary.

6. Finalize the Questionnaire: Once you are satisfied with the questions, finalize the questionnaire and administer it to your target population.

Remember, content validity is not a one-time process. It should be continuously evaluated and improved as necessary.