How intensive industrialisation and urbanisation have posed a great pressure on existing fresh water resources in India? Explain with two examples for each

Intensive industrialisation and urbanisation in India have put significant pressure on existing fresh water resources. This can be explained with two examples for each:

1. Industrialisation:

• Increased demand for water: The rapid growth of industries in India has led to a higher demand for water. Industries require large amounts of water for various processes such as manufacturing, cooling, and cleaning. This increased demand puts a strain on the available freshwater resources.
• Water pollution: Industrial activities often result in the discharge of untreated or poorly treated wastewater into rivers and other water bodies. This pollution contaminates the freshwater sources, making them unsuitable for human consumption and agricultural use.

2. Urbanisation:

• Population growth: Urbanisation in India has led to a significant increase in the population of cities. As more people migrate to urban areas, the demand for water also rises. The existing freshwater resources struggle to meet the needs of the growing urban population.
• Inadequate infrastructure: Rapid urbanisation often outpaces the development of water supply and sanitation infrastructure. As a result, many urban areas face water scarcity and inadequate access to clean drinking water. This puts additional pressure on the limited freshwater resources.

Overall, intensive industrialisation and urbanisation in India have placed a great burden on existing freshwater resources. The increased demand for water and the pollution caused by industrial activities, along with the population growth and inadequate infrastructure in urban areas, have further exacerbated the pressure on these resources.