Identify what the core counselling skills are and then describe how they are used. Include nine examples. (1.1, 1.2)

Core counselling skills are essential tools that help therapists connect with clients and aid them in their journey of self-exploration and problem-solving. Here are nine core counselling skills and how they are used:

1. Active Listening: This involves fully focusing on the client, understanding their message, and responding effectively. It shows the client that they are heard and their feelings are acknowledged.

2. Empathy: This is the ability to understand and share the feelings of the client. It helps in building a strong therapeutic relationship and makes the client feel valued and understood.

3. Non-verbal Communication: This includes body language, facial expressions, and gestures. It can help in understanding the client's unspoken feelings and emotions.

4. Open-ended Questions: These are questions that cannot be answered with a simple 'yes' or 'no'. They encourage the client to express their thoughts and feelings more deeply.

5. Paraphrasing: This involves restating the client's words to ensure understanding and to show the client that they are being heard.

6. Summarizing: This involves bringing together the main points of the client's discussion to focus on key issues and to review progress.

7. Reflection: This involves mirroring back the client's feelings and thoughts, which helps the client gain insight into their emotions and behaviors.

8. Congruence: This involves being genuine and transparent with the client. It helps in building trust and rapport.

9. Unconditional Positive Regard: This involves accepting and respecting the client for who they are, without judgment or evaluation. It helps the client feel safe and comfortable to express their feelings and thoughts.

These skills are used in various ways in a counselling session. For instance, active listening and empathy help in understanding the client's issues and providing emotional support. Non-verbal communication, open-ended questions, paraphrasing, and summarizing help in gathering information and clarifying understanding. Reflection helps the client gain self-awareness, while congruence and unconditional positive regard create a safe and supportive environment for the client.