What did the new constitution of Mexico in 1917 promote regarding landholdings and foreign ownership of businesses?

The new constitution of Mexico in 1917 promoted significant changes regarding landholdings and foreign ownership of businesses. Here are the steps to understand these changes:

1. Land Reform: The constitution included provisions for land reform, which was a major issue during the Mexican Revolution. Article 27 of the constitution allowed for the redistribution of land to the country's peasant population. This was a significant shift from the previous system where large haciendas owned by a few individuals dominated the agricultural sector.

2. Nationalization of Resources: The constitution also stated that all land and water within the country's borders belonged to the nation. This meant that the government had the right to expropriate resources, a move that paved the way for the nationalization of the oil industry in 1938.

3. Restrictions on Foreign Ownership: The constitution placed restrictions on foreign ownership of land and businesses. Foreigners were forbidden from owning land near the country's borders or coastlines. In terms of businesses, the constitution stipulated that Mexican nationals must own at least 51% of all businesses operating in the country.

4. Protection of Labor Rights: The constitution also included provisions to protect labor rights, including the right to strike and the right to a fair wage. This was a significant step forward for workers, particularly those in foreign-owned industries.

In summary, the new constitution of Mexico in 1917 promoted land reform, nationalization of resources, restrictions on foreign ownership, and protection of labor rights.