Which among the given is not a valid model of e-learning ?traditional modelmixed modeladjunct modelonline model

To determine which of the given options is not a valid model of e-learning, let's review the definitions and characteristics of each model mentioned:

1. Traditional Model:

   • This model typically refers to face-to-face classroom learning, which is not considered e-learning.

2. Mixed Model (also known as Blended Learning):

   • This model combines traditional face-to-face instruction with online learning, making it a valid form of e-learning.

3. Adjunct Model:

   • This model supplements traditional classroom instruction with online activities or components, thereby classification it as a valid model of e-learning.

4. Online Model:

   • This model refers to learning that occurs entirely online, which is a core aspect of e-learning.

Conclusion

Out of the options provided, the Traditional Model is not a valid model of e-learning since it does not incorporate online elements.