What is the lowest caste in the traditional caste system and is often referred to as “untouchables”?

In the traditional caste system of India, the lowest caste is known as the "Dalits." Historically, they were referred to as "untouchables" and faced severe social discrimination, exclusion, and stigma. The term "Dalit" means "oppressed" or "broken" in Sanskrit, and it signifies a collective identity among those who have been marginalized by the caste system.

The caste system is hierarchical, with four primary varnas: Brahmins (priests and scholars), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (traders and agriculturists), and Shudras (laborers and service providers). The Dalits exist outside this structure and historically performed tasks considered impure or "unclean," such as leatherworking and sanitation.

In modern India, efforts have been made to improve the conditions of Dalits through affirmative action, legal protections, and social reform movements. However, discrimination and challenges remain prevalent in many areas. The discussion around caste remains sensitive and continues to evolve in contemporary society.