_______________ is a person who takes part in a sporting activity, whether in a formal or informal capacity.

The term you're looking for is "athlete." An athlete is anyone engaged in a sport, regardless of their level of expertise or the formality of the competition. This can include professional sports players, amateur competitors, or anyone participating in recreational sports. Athletes can range from those competing in structured events, such as Olympics or professional leagues, to individuals casually playing sports with friends or in local community leagues. The common factor among all athletes is their participation in physical activities that often require skill, training, and dedication. Whether competing at a high level or just for fun, athletes contribute to the culture and community surrounding sports.