The 'total membrane thickness' is used to determine _______ Resistance Flux area Rate of flux All of these

The 'total membrane thickness' is used to determine Resistance in the context of filtration processes, particularly in membrane technology. Membrane thickness influences the resistance to mass transfer of the fluid across the membrane. Thicker membranes generally provide greater resistance, which can affect the overall efficiency of the filtration process.

In membrane applications, the resistance to flow is a critical factor that can determine the rate of flux, which is the amount of substance that passes through the membrane per unit area per unit time. Therefore, the total membrane thickness can directly affect not just resistance but also the rate of flux, ultimately influencing the performance of the filtration system.

In conclusion, the most accurate answer to the question would be Resistance as the primary factor determined by the total membrane thickness, although it also has implications for flux area and rate of flux. Thus, the overall impact could indeed relate to "All of these" in practical scenarios.