How was the rule of the Manchus over China different from the rule of the Mongols rule over China?

The rule of the Manchus over China and the rule of the Mongols over China were different in several ways:

1. Cultural Assimilation: The Manchus, who established the Qing Dynasty, adopted Chinese culture, language, and administrative techniques. They even adopted Confucian principles of governance. This was a stark contrast to the Mongols, who established the Yuan Dynasty, as they did not fully assimilate into Chinese culture and maintained many of their own customs and traditions.

2. Administration: The Manchus maintained a dual system of government, with separate institutions for Manchus and Chinese. They also continued the civil service examination system, which was a key feature of Chinese bureaucracy. The Mongols, on the other hand, relied heavily on foreigners, especially Persians and Europeans, for administrative tasks. They did not trust the Chinese and did not allow them to hold high government positions.

3. Treatment of the Chinese: The Manchus treated the Chinese with more respect than the Mongols did. They allowed the Chinese to continue practicing their customs and traditions, and they even adopted many of these practices themselves. The Mongols, however, were often seen as harsh and oppressive rulers. They imposed heavy taxes on the Chinese and often treated them as second-class citizens.

4. Legacy: The Manchus left a lasting legacy on China, ruling for nearly 300 years and contributing to the development of Chinese culture and society. The Mongols' rule, however, was relatively short-lived and is often seen as a period of foreign occupation rather than a true dynasty.

In conclusion, while both the Manchus and the Mongols were foreign invaders who established dynasties in China, their approaches to ruling and their impacts on Chinese society were quite different.