Discuss the assumptions of Social Learning/Social Cognitive Theory. Give examples

Social Learning Theory, also known as Social Cognitive Theory, is a psychological framework developed by Albert Bandura that suggests learning occurs through observation and socialization. This theory has several key assumptions:

1. Observational Learning: The first assumption is that people can learn by observing others. For example, a child may learn to behave politely by watching their parents interact respectfully with others.

2. Intrinsic Reinforcement: Social cognitive theory assumes that internal satisfaction is a powerful motivator for learning and behavior change. For instance, a student may study hard to understand a subject, not just to get good grades.

3. Learning does not necessarily lead to behavior change: This theory assumes that learning and behavior change are not always directly related. A person may learn about the harmful effects of smoking but continue to smoke due to addiction.

4. Cognition plays a role in learning: This theory assumes that individuals are not passive recipients of information. They process and interpret what they observe. For example, a person may observe someone getting praised for a particular behavior and then replicate that behavior, expecting similar praise.

5. Reciprocal Determinism: This assumption suggests that the environment, the individual, and the behavior all interact and influence each other. For example, a child's behavior (aggression) can change the environment (friends react negatively), which in turn can change the individual's behavior (child becomes less aggressive).

6. Behavioral Capability: This assumption suggests that knowing what to do and how to do it is a critical component of learning. For example, a person can learn to cook by watching cooking shows or reading recipes.

7. Expectations: This assumption suggests that the responses individuals anticipate in given situations will influence their behaviors. For example, if a student expects praise from a teacher for good work, they are more likely to engage in behaviors that will earn them that praise.

8. Self-efficacy: This assumption suggests that belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations. For example, a person who believes they can successfully quit smoking is more likely to make a serious attempt to quit.