Explain why the rate of conduction is fastest in solids when compared with liquids and gases.

The rate of conduction is fastest in solids compared to liquids and gases due to the following reasons:

1. Particle Arrangement: In solids, the particles are closely packed together. This close proximity allows for easy and quick transfer of heat energy from one particle to another. In contrast, the particles in liquids and gases are more spread out, which slows down the rate of heat transfer.

2. Particle Movement: The particles in solids vibrate about a fixed point, which means they are more likely to collide and transfer energy. In liquids and gases, the particles move more freely and are less likely to collide and transfer energy.

3. Bonding: Solids have stronger intermolecular forces of attraction which keep the particles tightly bound together. This strong bonding allows for quicker transfer of heat energy. In liquids and gases, the intermolecular forces are weaker, which slows down the rate of heat transfer.

4. Free Electrons: Some solids, especially metals, have free electrons that can move easily within the solid, carrying heat energy with them. This is a very efficient way of transferring heat and is not present in liquids and gases.

In conclusion, the rate of conduction is fastest in solids due to their particle arrangement, particle movement, bonding, and the presence of free electrons.