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What is the purpose of the expression 'x ^ y' in C, where '^' is the bitwise XOR operator?

Question

What is the purpose of the expression x ^ y in C, where ^ is the bitwise XOR operator?

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Solution

The expression 'x ^ y' in C is used to perform a bitwise XOR operation on the binary representations of the integers x and y. Here's how it works:

  1. Convert x and y to their binary representations.
  2. Align the binary representations of x and y.
  3. Perform the XOR operation on each pair of corresponding bits. The XOR operation returns 1 if the two bits are different, and 0 if they are the same.
  4. The result of 'x ^ y' is the integer represented by the binary result of the XOR operation.

This operation is often used in algorithms and data structures for tasks such as toggling bits, swapping values without a temporary variable, and finding missing numbers in arrays.

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