What type of emphysema creates an abnormal enlargement of all structures "distal" to the terminal bronchioles

The type of emphysema that creates an abnormal enlargement of all structures "distal" to the terminal bronchioles is called "panlobular" or "panacinar" emphysema. This type of emphysema is characterized by the destruction of the alveoli throughout the entire respiratory acinus, leading to the enlargement of the air spaces and loss of lung elasticity. It is commonly associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, a genetic condition that affects the production of a protein that protects the lungs from damage. The abnormal enlargement of the structures distal to the terminal bronchioles results in impaired gas exchange and can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing.