Who articulated the notion of structural violence?a.Johann Galtungb.Karl Marxc.Max Weberd.Robert Redfield

Understanding the Question

The question asks for the identification of the individual who articulated the concept of "structural violence."

Background Knowledge

"Structural violence" refers to a form of violence wherein social structures or institutions harm or disadvantage individuals. This concept highlights systemic inequalities and injustices that may not be immediately visible or direct.

Relevant Concepts

• Johann Galtung: A sociologist known for his work on peace studies and conflict resolution. He introduced the term "structural violence" to emphasize the societal structures that lead to unequal access to resources and opportunities.

Analysis

• Karl Marx: Focused on class struggle and economic systems but did not specifically coin the term "structural violence."
• Max Weber: Known for his contributions to the sociology of authority and bureaucracy; he did not specifically address structural violence.
• Robert Redfield: An anthropologist who studied cultural communities but did not use the term "structural violence" in his work.

Conclusion

The correct answer is a. Johann Galtung. He is credited with articulating the notion of structural violence, highlighting how societal structures can result in harm to individuals and groups indirectly through their organization and policies.