5.) Describe each type of quantitative design and give one (1) example for each kind. A. Descriptive design.

A. Descriptive Design: This type of quantitative design is used when you want to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied. It does not answer questions about how/when/why the characteristics occurred. It is purely about describing the situation or case under your study.

Example: A study conducted to identify the percentage of voters who support a particular political party in a city. This study is about describing the characteristics (political preference) of a population (voters in the city).

B. Correlational Design: This type of design is used to study the relationship between two or more variables. It does not establish a cause-effect relationship, only the degree of association between the variables.

Example: A study conducted to find out if there is a relationship between the hours spent on studying and the scores obtained in exams.

C. Experimental Design: This design is used when the researcher has control over the independent variables and can manipulate them to study their effects on the dependent variables. It is used to establish cause-effect relationships.

Example: A study conducted to find out if a new teaching method (independent variable) improves student performance (dependent variable). The researcher can manipulate the teaching method and observe its effects on student performance.

D. Quasi-Experimental Design: This design is similar to the experimental design but lacks the element of random assignment to treatment or control.

Example: A study conducted to find out if a new teaching method improves student performance in a class where students were not randomly assigned to groups.

E. Non-Experimental Design: This design is used when the researcher has no control over the variables and can only report what is happening.

Example: A study conducted to find out the reasons why people choose a particular brand of product. The researcher has no control over the reasons; they can only report what they observe.