An electric dipole is placed with its axis making an angle θ with an uniform electric field. The potential energy will be minimum when θ is equal to
Question
Solution
The potential energy (U) of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field is given by the equation:
U = -pEcosθ
where:
- p is the dipole moment,
- E is the electric field strength, and
- θ is the angle between the dipole moment and the electric field.
The potential energy is minimum when the value of cosθ is maximum. The maximum value of cosθ is 1, which occurs when θ is 0 degrees.
Therefore, the potential energy of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field is minimum when θ is equal to 0 degrees.
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