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What can restrict the movement of integral membrane proteins within the cell membrane?

Question

What can restrict the movement of integral membrane proteins within the cell membrane?

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Solution

Several factors can restrict the movement of integral membrane proteins within the cell membrane:

  1. Lipid Rafts: These are microdomains in the cell membrane that contain high concentrations of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. They can restrict the movement of integral proteins by trapping them within these domains.

  2. Cytoskeleton: The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence. It can restrict the movement of integral proteins by anchoring them to specific sites in the membrane.

  3. Protein-Protein Interactions: Integral proteins can also be restricted in their movement by interactions with other proteins, both peripheral and integral. These interactions can lead to the formation of large protein complexes.

  4. Extracellular Matrix: The extracellular matrix can also restrict the movement of integral proteins by binding them to specific sites in the membrane.

  5. Membrane Potential: Changes in the electrical charge across the cell membrane can also affect the movement of integral proteins.

  6. Post-Translational Modifications: Modifications such as phosphorylation, glycosylation etc. can alter the movement and function of integral proteins.

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