Peripheral proteins are attached to either inner or outer surface of cell membrane

Peripheral proteins are a type of membrane protein that are loosely attached to the exterior or interior surfaces of the cell membrane. Unlike integral proteins, which are embedded within the lipid bilayer, peripheral proteins do not penetrate the hydrophobic layer of the membrane. Instead, they associate with the membrane through weak, non-covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or electrostatic attractions. These interactions can facilitate a variety of cellular functions.

Peripheral proteins play critical roles in several biological processes, including signal transduction, membrane support, and cell communication. They can also act as enzymes or regulatory proteins, helping to orchestrate activities within and outside the cell. The dynamic nature of these proteins can allow them to detach and reattach to the membrane, influencing cellular responses to changes in the environment.

In summary, peripheral proteins are essential for maintaining the functionality and responsiveness of the cell membrane, supporting various biochemical and signaling pathways crucial for cellular health and communication.