When _____ exists, managers are working blind.Multiple Choiceuncertaintyincomplete informationriskambiguous informationbounded rationality

To determine the correct answer to the question "When _____ exists, managers are working blind," let's analyze the options provided:

1. Uncertainty: This refers to situations where outcomes cannot be predicted due to lack of information or understanding of the situation. Managers may feel they are "working blind" when they don't have the necessary data to make informed decisions.

2. Incomplete Information: This means that managers have some information but not enough to make a fully informed decision. This still allows for some level of awareness rather than complete blindness to the situation.

3. Risk: This involves known probabilities of outcomes. Managers typically are not "working blind" when they understand the risks involved since they have a basis for making decisions.

4. Ambiguous Information: This refers to information that can be interpreted in multiple ways. While this can create confusion, it doesn't equate to working "blind" as managers still have information, albeit unclear.

5. Bounded Rationality: This concept refers to decision-making within the constraints of available information and cognitive limitations. However, it implies that decisions are still made with some degree of information.

Final Answer

The best answer is uncertainty. When uncertainty exists, managers lack sufficient information about outcomes, leading to a state of being "blind" in their decision-making.