6. Distinguish between the following terms :-(a) Objects and classes(b) Inheritance and Polymorphism(c) Data Abstraction and Encapsulation

(a) Objects and Classes:

• Objects: In the context of object-oriented programming, an object is an instance of a class. It is a real-world entity that has a state and behavior. For example, a car can be an object if it has states like color, model number, etc., and behaviors like start, stop, etc.
• Classes: A class is a blueprint or template from which objects are created. It is a logical entity that has some specific attributes and methods. For example, if you have a class "Car", it can have attributes like color, model number, etc., and methods like start, stop, etc.

(b) Inheritance and Polymorphism:

• Inheritance: Inheritance is a mechanism in which one class acquires the property of another class. It supports the concept of hierarchical classification. For example, a child inherits the traits of their parents.
• Polymorphism: Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. The most common use of polymorphism in OOP occurs when a parent class reference is used to refer to a child class object.

(c) Data Abstraction and Encapsulation:

• Data Abstraction: Data abstraction is the process of hiding certain details and showing only essential information to the user. It helps to reduce programming complexity and effort.
• Encapsulation: Encapsulation is the technique of making the fields in a class private and providing access to the fields via public methods. It is a protective shield that prevents the data from being accessed by the code outside this shield.