The process of defining a new class based on an existing class is known as:Question 2Answera.Inheritanceb.Polymorphismc.Encapsulationd.Abstraction

Analyzing the Question

The question asks about the process of defining a new class based on an existing class in object-oriented programming.

Definitions of Options

1. Inheritance: This is a mechanism where a new class, known as a subclass or derived class, derives attributes and behaviors (methods) from an existing class, known as a superclass or base class.
2. Polymorphism: This refers to the ability of different classes to be treated as instances of the same class through a common interface, usually facilitated by method overriding or method overloading.
3. Encapsulation: This is a principle that restricts direct access to some of an object’s components and can prevent the accidental modification of data. It's about bundling data and methods that operate on the data within one unit.
4. Abstraction: This is the concept of hiding the complex reality while exposing only the necessary parts. It helps to reduce programming complexity and increase efficiency.

Conclusion

Among these options, the most appropriate answer for the process of defining a new class based on an existing class is:

a. Inheritance

Inheritance allows for code reusability and establishes a hierarchical relationship between classes.