The cell wall of some bacteria is surrounded by a structure with a thick, gelatinous consistency, called a , that may help the bacteria to stick to surfaces.

The cell wall of some bacteria is surrounded by a structure known as a capsule. This thick, gelatinous layer is composed of polysaccharides and sometimes proteins, allowing bacteria to adhere to surfaces more effectively. Capsules play a significant role in the survival of bacteria by helping to prevent desiccation (drying out) and by evading the host’s immune system, as they can offer a form of camouflage. Some capsules can also protect bacteria from phagocytosis by immune cells, making them more virulent. Overall, capsules are vital for bacterial adhesion, protection, and pathogenicity.