Distinguish between the following terms :-(a) Objects and classes(b) Inheritance and Polymorphism(c) Data Abstraction and Encapsulation

(a) Objects and Classes: Objects and Classes are fundamental concepts in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).

• A Class is a blueprint or template that defines the properties and behaviors that an object will have. For example, a class could be "Car" with properties like color, model, and behaviors like drive, park.

• An Object is an instance of a class. It's what you get when you build something using the blueprint. For example, a specific car like a "Red Ferrari" is an object of the class "Car".

(b) Inheritance and Polymorphism: These are also key concepts in OOP.

• Inheritance is a mechanism where you can to derive a class from another class for a hierarchy of classes that share a set of attributes and methods. For example, you could have a general class "Animal" and then derive more specific classes like "Dog" and "Cat" from it.

• Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. The most common use of polymorphism in OOP occurs when a parent class reference is used to refer to a child class object. It allows us to perform a single action in different ways. For example, you could have a method "makeSound()" that makes a different sound depending on whether it's called on an object of class "Dog" or "Cat".

(c) Data Abstraction and Encapsulation: These are principles of OOP that deal with handling data.

• Data Abstraction is the process of hiding certain details and showing only essential information to the user. If a user is driving a car, they know that pressing the accelerators will increase the speed of the car. They don't need to know how it works internally.

• Encapsulation is the wrapping up of data and methods into a single unit (class). It prevents data from being accessed directly, instead providing it through functions in the class. For example, the variables of a class will be hidden from other classes, and can only be accessed through the methods of their current class. This is also known as data hiding.