What happens to Museums and Historical Artefacts during War? Write a report in the context of formation of ICOM and its contribution to the field of Museology.

During times of war, museums and historical artifacts are often at great risk. They can be damaged or destroyed in the crossfire, looted, or used for propaganda purposes. This is a significant loss not only for the country where the war is taking place, but also for humanity as a whole, as these artifacts often hold invaluable historical, cultural, and scientific information.

The International Council of Museums (ICOM) was formed in the aftermath of World War II, in 1946, with the aim of protecting and promoting the world's natural and cultural heritage, present and future, tangible and intangible. It is a non-governmental organization maintaining formal relations with UNESCO and having a consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council.

ICOM has made significant contributions to the field of museology. It has developed standards and guidelines for museums, provided training for museum professionals, and advocated for the protection of cultural heritage. It has also facilitated international cooperation and exchange among museums.

One of the key contributions of ICOM is the development of the ICOM Code of Ethics for Museums, which provides a set of standards for museum practice. The Code covers various aspects of museum work, including the acquisition and disposal of collections, the care of collections, and the conduct of museum professionals.

ICOM has also played a crucial role in the protection of cultural heritage during times of war. It has advocated for the implementation of international laws and conventions that protect cultural property in the event of armed conflict, such as the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. ICOM has also developed the Red List of Cultural Objects at Risk, which helps to identify cultural goods that are particularly at risk of theft or illicit trafficking.

In conclusion, the formation of ICOM and its contributions to the field of museology have been instrumental in protecting museums and historical artifacts during times of war. Through its advocacy, standards, and training, ICOM has helped to ensure that our cultural heritage is preserved for future generations.