What is variation ? List two main reasons that may lead tovariation in a population

Variation refers to the differences or deviations that exist among individuals within a population. These differences can be in terms of physical characteristics, genetic makeup, or any other observable traits.

There are two main reasons that may lead to variation in a population:

1. Genetic Variation: This is caused by differences in the genes of individuals or the combination of genes in sexual reproduction. Genetic variation can occur due to mutation (a change in DNA sequence), gene flow (transfer of genetic variation from one population to another), and sexual reproduction (which allows a new combination of genes).

2. Environmental Variation: This is caused by differences in the environment that individuals are exposed to. Even genetically identical individuals can be different due to the influence of the environment. For example, differences in nutrition, exposure to sunlight, or access to resources can lead to variation in size, shape, or function.