There are several methods used to remove both permanent and temporary hardness in water. Here are some of them:

1. Boiling: This is a simple method used to remove temporary hardness in water. When water is boiled, the soluble salts of calcium and magnesium are precipitated and thus removed.

2. Lime-Soda Process: This is a method used to remove both temporary and permanent hardness. In this process, lime and soda are added to the hard water. The lime removes the hardness due to calcium and magnesium, while the soda removes the hardness due to other minerals.

3. Ion Exchange Process: This method is used to remove permanent hardness. In this process, hard water is passed through a bed of ion exchange material. The calcium and magnesium ions in the water are replaced by sodium ions, thus removing the hardness.

4. Reverse Osmosis: This is a modern method used to remove both temporary and permanent hardness. In this process, water is forced through a semi-permeable membrane, which removes the hardness causing minerals.

5. Distillation: This is a method used to remove both temporary and permanent hardness. In this process, water is boiled and the steam is collected and condensed. The condensed water is free from hardness causing minerals.

6. Chelating Agents: These are chemicals that react with the hardness causing minerals in water, forming a soluble complex which can be easily removed. This method is used to remove both temporary and permanent hardness.

7. Water Softening: This is a method used to remove both temporary and permanent hardness. In this process, hard water is passed through a bed of resin. The resin absorbs the hardness causing minerals and releases sodium ions, thus softening the water.

Question

There are several methods used to remove both permanent and temporary hardness in water. Here are some of them:

1. Boiling: This is a simple method used to remove temporary hardness in water. When water is boiled, the soluble salts of calcium and magnesium are precipitated and thus removed.

2. Lime-Soda Process: This is a method used to remove both temporary and permanent hardness. In this process, lime and soda are added to the hard water. The lime removes the hardness due to calcium and magnesium, while the soda removes the hardness due to other minerals.

3. Ion Exchange Process: This method is used to remove permanent hardness. In this process, hard water is passed through a bed of ion exchange material. The calcium and magnesium ions in the water are replaced by sodium ions, thus removing the hardness.

4. Reverse Osmosis: This is a modern method used to remove both temporary and permanent hardness. In this process, water is forced through a semi-permeable membrane, which removes the hardness causing minerals.

5. Distillation: This is a method used to remove both temporary and permanent hardness. In this process, water is boiled and the steam is collected and condensed. The condensed water is free from hardness causing minerals.

6. Chelating Agents: These are chemicals that react with the hardness causing minerals in water, forming a soluble complex which can be easily removed. This method is used to remove both temporary and permanent hardness.

7. Water Softening: This is a method used to remove both temporary and permanent hardness. In this process, hard water is passed through a bed of resin. The resin absorbs the hardness causing minerals and releases sodium ions, thus softening the water.

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