List the pathophysiological changes as a result of diarrhoea and vomiting that led to Marnie's collapse

Marnie's collapse due to diarrhoea and vomiting can be attributed to several pathophysiological changes:

1. Dehydration: Both diarrhoea and vomiting lead to a significant loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. This can cause severe dehydration, which can lead to a drop in blood pressure (hypotension), dizziness, and fainting or collapse.

2. Electrolyte Imbalance: The loss of fluids through diarrhoea and vomiting also means a loss of vital electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and chloride. These electrolytes are essential for many bodily functions, including nerve and muscle function. An imbalance can lead to muscle weakness, spasms, irregular heart rhythm, and potentially collapse.

3. Acid-Base Imbalance: Persistent vomiting can lead to metabolic alkalosis, a condition where the body's pH level is higher than normal. On the other hand, diarrhoea can lead to metabolic acidosis, where the body's pH level is lower than normal. Both conditions can cause confusion, lethargy, and potentially collapse.

4. Hypovolemia: This is a decrease in the volume of blood in the body, which can result from the loss of fluids due to diarrhoea and vomiting. This can lead to inadequate blood flow to the body's organs, causing symptoms such as fatigue, rapid heart rate, and collapse.

5. Malnutrition: If diarrhoea and vomiting persist for a long time, the body may not be able to absorb enough nutrients from food, leading to malnutrition. This can weaken the body overall, making it more susceptible to other illnesses and complications, including collapse.

6. Hypoglycemia: Persistent vomiting can lead to a decrease in the level of glucose in the blood (hypoglycemia), as the body is not able to retain food and absorb glucose. This can cause symptoms such as weakness, confusion, and collapse.

In Marnie's case, these pathophysiological changes combined could have led to her collapse. It's important to note that this is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention.