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Define osmotic pressure of a solution. How is the osmotic pressure related to the concentration of a solute in a solution? (Comptt. Delhi 2015)

Question

Define osmotic pressure of a solution.

How is the osmotic pressure related to the concentration of a solute in a solution? (Comptt. Delhi 2015)

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Solution

Osmotic pressure is a colligative property of a solution, which is defined as the excess pressure that must be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane. It is a measure of the tendency of water to move into the solution by osmosis.

The osmotic pressure (π) of a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solute in the solution. This relationship is described by the formula:

π = nRT/V

where:

  • n is the number of moles of the solute,
  • R is the ideal gas constant,
  • T is the temperature in Kelvin,
  • V is the volume of the solution in liters.

So, if the concentration of the solute in the solution increases, the osmotic pressure of the solution also increases, and vice versa. This is because a higher concentration of solute particles in the solution means there is a greater tendency for water to move into the solution by osmosis, hence a greater osmotic pressure.

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