What term describes a political system characterized by strong central authority, limited political freedoms, and often the absence of democratic processes?

The term that describes a political system characterized by strong central authority, limited political freedoms, and often the absence of democratic processes is "authoritarianism."

1. Strong Central Authority: In an authoritarian system, power is concentrated in the hands of a single leader or a small group of individuals. This central authority often makes decisions without much input from the general population or other branches of government.

2. Limited Political Freedoms: Citizens in an authoritarian regime typically have restricted political freedoms. This can include limitations on freedom of speech, assembly, and the press. Political opposition is often suppressed, and dissenting voices may be silenced through various means.

3. Absence of Democratic Processes: Authoritarian regimes usually lack the democratic processes that allow for free and fair elections, checks and balances, and the rule of law. Elections, if they occur, are often not competitive or are manipulated to ensure the ruling party or leader remains in power.

In summary, "authoritarianism" is the term that encapsulates these characteristics of a political system.