Which three processes are methods of genetic recombination?

Genetic recombination is a crucial process in genetics that contributes to genetic diversity. There are three primary methods by which genetic recombination occurs:

1. Crossing Over: This process occurs during meiosis, specifically in prophase I, where homologous chromosomes exchange segments of their genetic material. This leads to the formation of new combinations of alleles.

2. Independent Assortment: This method also occurs during meiosis and refers to the way chromosomes are distributed into gametes independently of one another. Each pair of chromosomes aligns at the metaphase plate and is segregated randomly into daughter cells, leading to different combinations of alleles in the resulting gametes.

3. Genetic Transformation: This is a process where an organism takes up foreign DNA from its environment. This method is common in bacteria and can result in new genetic traits being introduced into a population, thus facilitating genetic variation.

These three processes help ensure that offspring have different genetic makeup than their parents, contributing to evolution and adaptation in populations.