Discuss Machiavelli's views on the qualities and characteristics of a successful prince.

Niccolò Machiavelli, in his seminal work "The Prince," outlines several key qualities and characteristics that he believes are necessary for a prince to be successful. Here are some of them:

1. Virtù: This is an Italian term that Machiavelli uses to refer to the range of qualities that a prince should possess. It includes courage, skill, prowess, and an understanding of the world around him. Virtù is about the ability to seize opportunities and make the most of them.

2. Prudence: Machiavelli emphasizes the importance of prudence in a prince. This means being able to judge situations correctly and make wise decisions. A prudent prince is one who can foresee problems and take action to prevent them.

3. Adaptability: According to Machiavelli, a successful prince must be adaptable. He must be able to change his approach depending on the circumstances. This includes being able to use both force and cunning as the situation demands.

4. Realism: Machiavelli's prince is not an idealist, but a realist. He understands that he must sometimes do morally questionable things in order to maintain his power and protect his state. This is a departure from earlier political thought, which often focused on the moral duties of a ruler.

5. The Lion and the Fox: Machiavelli famously advises the prince to be both a lion and a fox - the lion to scare off the wolves, and the fox to recognize the traps. In other words, the prince must be strong and courageous, but also cunning and deceitful when necessary.

6. Fear over Love: While it would be best to be both loved and feared, if a choice has to be made, Machiavelli suggests it is better to be feared than loved. Fear, he argues, is a stronger motivator for obedience than love.

7. Avoidance of Hatred: While it is better to be feared than loved, Machiavelli warns against becoming hated. A hated prince is always in danger, as his subjects may decide to rise against him.

These are some of the key qualities and characteristics that Machiavelli believes a successful prince should possess. His views were revolutionary at the time and continue to influence political thought today.