The coffee industry in Uganda faces several challenges that hinder its growth and profitability. These challenges range from production issues to marketing and export problems.

1. **Climate Change**: According to the International Coffee Organization (ICO, 2019), climate change is a significant challenge for coffee production in Uganda. Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns affect the growth and quality of coffee beans.

2. **Pests and Diseases**: Coffee Wilt Disease (CWD) and Coffee Berry Disease (CBD) are common in Uganda and have a significant impact on coffee production (UCDA, 2018).

3. **Inadequate Financing**: Many coffee farmers in Uganda lack access to credit facilities to finance their operations. This limits their ability to invest in modern farming techniques that can increase productivity (Bihon et al., 2017).

4. **Poor Quality Control**: Uganda's coffee often falls short of international quality standards, leading to lower prices on the international market (UCDA, 2018).

5. **Inadequate Infrastructure**: Poor road networks and lack of storage facilities make it difficult for farmers to transport their coffee to markets. This often leads to delays and increased costs (Bihon et al., 2017).

6. **Fluctuating International Coffee Prices**: The volatility of international coffee prices affects the income of coffee exporters in Uganda. When prices fall, exporters earn less from their coffee, which can lead to financial instability (ICO, 2019).

References:
- Bihon, A. B., Ntayombya, P., & Tushabomwe-Kazooba, C. (2017). Challenges faced by small coffee producers in East Africa: A review of literature. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(31), 2590-2596.
- International Coffee Organization (ICO). (2019). The impact of climate change on coffee. Retrieved from http://www.ico.org/documents/cy2019-20/icc-124-5e-impact-climate-change-coffee.pdf
- Uganda Coffee Development Authority (UCDA). (2018). Annual report 2017/2018. Retrieved from https://www.ucda.go.ug/publications/annual-report-20172018

Question

The coffee industry in Uganda faces several challenges that hinder its growth and profitability. These challenges range from production issues to marketing and export problems.

1. **Climate Change**: According to the International Coffee Organization (ICO, 2019), climate change is a significant challenge for coffee production in Uganda. Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns affect the growth and quality of coffee beans.

2. **Pests and Diseases**: Coffee Wilt Disease (CWD) and Coffee Berry Disease (CBD) are common in Uganda and have a significant impact on coffee production (UCDA, 2018).

3. **Inadequate Financing**: Many coffee farmers in Uganda lack access to credit facilities to finance their operations. This limits their ability to invest in modern farming techniques that can increase productivity (Bihon et al., 2017).

4. **Poor Quality Control**: Uganda's coffee often falls short of international quality standards, leading to lower prices on the international market (UCDA, 2018).

5. **Inadequate Infrastructure**: Poor road networks and lack of storage facilities make it difficult for farmers to transport their coffee to markets. This often leads to delays and increased costs (Bihon et al., 2017).

6. **Fluctuating International Coffee Prices**: The volatility of international coffee prices affects the income of coffee exporters in Uganda. When prices fall, exporters earn less from their coffee, which can lead to financial instability (ICO, 2019).

References:
- Bihon, A. B., Ntayombya, P., & Tushabomwe-Kazooba, C. (2017). Challenges faced by small coffee producers in East Africa: A review of literature. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(31), 2590-2596.
- International Coffee Organization (ICO). (2019). The impact of climate change on coffee. Retrieved from http://www.ico.org/documents/cy2019-20/icc-124-5e-impact-climate-change-coffee.pdf
- Uganda Coffee Development Authority (UCDA). (2018). Annual report 2017/2018. Retrieved from https://www.ucda.go.ug/publications/annual-report-20172018

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