What is the difference between a hypothetical and a categorical imperative? Why does Kant think that morality consists of categorical imperatives?

1. Difference between Hypothetical and Categorical Imperatives:

A hypothetical imperative is a command that is conditional on one's desires or goals. It says that if you want X, then you should do Y. For example, "If you want to be healthy, you should exercise regularly." The action (exercising regularly) is not necessary in itself, but is necessary for achieving the desired goal (being healthy).

A categorical imperative, on the other hand, is a command that is not conditional on one's desires or goals. It is a moral obligation that applies universally and unconditionally. For example, "Do not lie." This command applies regardless of one's personal desires or goals.

2. Why Kant Thinks Morality Consists of Categorical Imperatives:

Kant believes that morality consists of categorical imperatives because he argues that moral obligations are not dependent on our personal desires or goals. According to Kant, moral duties are universal and apply to all rational beings, regardless of their individual circumstances or desires.

Kant argues that if morality were based on hypothetical imperatives, it would be subjective and variable, depending on each person's desires or goals. This would undermine the universality and objectivity of moral obligations.

In contrast, categorical imperatives provide a consistent and objective basis for morality. They establish moral duties that apply universally, regardless of personal desires or goals. This is why Kant believes that morality consists of categorical imperatives.