How can be calculate the ionization energy of an electron from the ground state?

The ionization energy of an electron from the ground state can be calculated using the Rydberg formula, which is derived from the Bohr model of the atom. Here are the steps:

1. Identify the atomic number (Z) of the atom. This is the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.

2. Identify the principal quantum number (n) of the electron's ground state. For hydrogen, the ground state is n=1.

3. Use the Rydberg formula to calculate the energy of the electron in its ground state:

   E = -13.6 * Z^2 / n^2

   This formula gives the energy in electron volts (eV). The negative sign indicates that the electron is bound to the nucleus.

4. The ionization energy is the energy required to remove the electron from its ground state to infinity (n=∞). So, calculate the energy at n=∞, which is zero.

5. The ionization energy is the difference in energy between the ground state and n=∞. So, subtract the energy at n=∞ (which is zero) from the energy at the ground state. This gives the ionization energy:

   Ionization energy = E(n=∞) - E(n=1)

   For hydrogen, this gives an ionization energy of 13.6 eV.

Remember that this calculation is based on the Bohr model of the atom, which is a simplified model. More accurate calculations would need to take into account factors such as electron spin and the distribution of other electrons in the atom.