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How do climate patterns influence the diversity of natural vegetation in India?

Question

How do climate patterns influence the diversity of natural vegetation in India?

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Solution

India's climate patterns significantly influence the diversity of its natural vegetation. Here's how:

  1. Tropical Rainforests: These are found in regions with heavy rainfall (more than 200 cm annually) and high temperature. The Western Ghats, the islands of Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar, and the upper parts of Assam have such a climate, leading to dense vegetation.

  2. Tropical Deciduous Forests: These are found in regions with rainfall between 70-200 cm. During the dry season, trees shed their leaves to conserve water. This type of forest is found in parts of Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, and the foothills of the Himalayas.

  3. Thorn Forests and Scrubs: These are found in areas with less than 70 cm of rainfall annually. The vegetation consists of thorny trees and bushes. This type of vegetation is found in the northwestern part of the country including semi-arid areas of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, and Haryana.

  4. Mountain Forests: With the increase in height, the temperature falls. This leads to the growth of temperate vegetation and then alpine vegetation. The slopes of the Himalayas and the hills of the Peninsula have this type of climate and vegetation.

  5. Mangrove Forests: These are found in the coastal areas influenced by tides. Mud and silt get accumulated on such coasts resulting in this type of vegetation. The deltas of the Ganga, the Mahanadi, the Krishna, the Godavari, and the Kaveri are covered by these forests.

  6. Desert Vegetation: In the desert areas of Rajasthan where rainfall is scanty, vegetation consists of drought-resistant species like cacti, thorny bushes etc.

In conclusion, the diversity of natural vegetation in India is directly influenced by the varied climate patterns across different regions of the country.

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