discuss about hardware implementation of vrc parity generator and checker system

The Vertical Redundancy Check (VRC) is a method of error detection that involves adding an extra bit to the end of each byte of data. This extra bit, known as a parity bit, is used to check whether the number of 1s in the byte is even or odd. If the number of 1s is even, the parity bit is set to 0; if the number of 1s is odd, the parity bit is set to 1. This allows the system to detect if a single bit has been flipped due to noise or other errors.

Here's a step-by-step guide on how to implement a VRC parity generator and checker system:

1. Parity Generator:

   • Input: The data bytes that need to be transmitted.
   • Process: Count the number of 1s in each byte. If the count is even, add a parity bit of 0 at the end of the byte. If the count is odd, add a parity bit of 1.
   • Output: The original data bytes with the added parity bits.

2. Parity Checker:

   • Input: The received data bytes with the parity bits.
   • Process: Count the number of 1s in each byte, including the parity bit. If the count is even, then no error has occurred. If the count is odd, then an error has occurred.
   • Output: A signal indicating whether an error has occurred.

The hardware implementation of this system would involve digital logic circuits. The parity generator could be implemented using XOR gates, which output a 1 if the number of 1s in the input is odd. The parity checker could also be implemented using XOR gates, with the output connected to an error detection signal.

This system is relatively simple to implement and can detect single-bit errors. However, it cannot detect errors where an even number of bits have been flipped. For this reason, it is often used in combination with other error detection methods.