The Profitability ratios estimate thea.ability to pay billsb.financial leveragec.asset managementd.cost controls

Profitability ratios primarily assess a company's ability to generate earnings relative to its associated expenses over a certain period of time. Here's what each option means:

a. Ability to pay bills: This is typically measured by liquidity ratios, not profitability ratios. Liquidity ratios measure a company's ability to meet short-term obligations.

b. Financial leverage: This is usually measured by leverage ratios, not profitability ratios. Leverage ratios indicate the proportion of debt used in a company's capital structure.

c. Asset management: This is generally measured by efficiency ratios, not profitability ratios. Efficiency ratios measure how effectively a company uses its assets to generate income.

d. Cost controls: While cost controls can impact profitability, they are not directly measured by profitability ratios. However, a company with good cost controls may show higher profitability ratios.

So, none of the options directly relate to what profitability ratios estimate. Profitability ratios primarily measure a company's ability to generate profit relative to sales, total assets, and net worth.