__22. How many states do electrical circuits on an IC (integrated circuit) have?a) three: + - /b) four: + - * /c) three: on, off, or waitd) two: on or off

To determine the number of states in electrical circuits on an integrated circuit (IC), we can analyze the options provided.

1. Understanding the Circuit States:

   • Electrical circuits can represent information using distinct states. In digital circuits, the most common representation is binary, where voltages correspond to one of two states.

2. Analyzing the Options:

   • a) Three: + -
     • This suggests three states, but doesn't fit the binary nature of most ICs.
   • b) Four: + - * /
     • This suggests four arithmetic states, but again this isn't standard for basic digital circuits.
   • c) Three: on, off, or wait
     • Introduces a "wait" state, but still leans more towards a binary system.
   • d) Two: on or off
     • This is the standard binary representation in digital circuits.

Final Answer

The correct answer is d) two: on or off, as integrated circuits primarily operate using binary states.