Which of the following represents a dependent variable in a research study?Group of answer choicesAgeTest scoresGenderEthnicity

In research studies, a dependent variable is the variable that researchers measure to assess the effect of an independent variable. Among the choices given:

1. Age: This is an independent variable as it is a characteristic that can influence other responses.

2. Test scores: This is a dependent variable, as it reflects the performance outcome influenced by various factors (such as teaching methods, prior knowledge, etc.).

3. Gender: This is typically considered an independent variable, as it categorizes groups but does not change based on another variable in the study context.

4. Ethnicity: This is also an independent variable, serving as a category for analysis rather than an outcome measure.

Summary

Thus, the correct answer is Test scores, as it represents the outcome that is assessed in relation to other influencing factors.