The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is a political, economic, international security and defense organization established by China and Russia in which year ?

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) was established in the year 2001. It was created during a meeting in Shanghai, China, on June 15, 2001, attended by the leaders of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. The organization has since expanded to include additional member states and has focused on promoting regional cooperation in various fields, such as security, economic development, and cultural exchange. The SCO is significant as it represents a platform for its member countries to engage in multilateral dialogue and collaboration, addressing various challenges such as terrorism, separatism, and extremism in the region.