How does the orientation of the loop change in an AC generator as the current alternates?

In an AC generator, the orientation of the loop changes due to the rotation of the loop in the magnetic field. Here are the steps to understand how it works:

1. The AC generator consists of a coil of wire (loop) that is free to rotate within a magnetic field. This loop is connected to an external circuit.

2. When the loop rotates, the magnetic field lines passing through the loop change. This change in magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the loop according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

3. As the loop continues to rotate, the direction of the magnetic field lines passing through the loop changes. This change in direction causes the induced EMF and the current in the loop to reverse direction. This is why the current in an AC generator alternates.

4. The loop continues to rotate, and the process repeats, causing the current to alternate on each half rotation.

5. Therefore, the orientation of the loop changes continuously in an AC generator as it rotates within the magnetic field, and this change in orientation is what causes the current to alternate.