result from an imbalance of energy intake (diet) and energy expenditure (physical activity)

An imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure occurs when the calories consumed through food and beverages do not equal the calories burned through physical activities and metabolic processes. This imbalance can lead to several consequences:

1. Weight Gain: If energy intake exceeds expenditure, the surplus calories are stored as fat, leading to weight gain. This can increase the risk of obesity, which is often associated with various health issues.

2. Weight Loss: Conversely, if energy expenditure surpasses energy intake, the body will start utilizing stored energy, leading to weight loss. This can be detrimental if it results in malnutrition or loss of muscle mass.

3. Metabolic Disorders: Chronic energy imbalance can lead to metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

4. Impact on Mental Health: Fluctuations in weight associated with energy imbalance can affect mental health, leading to issues like anxiety, depression, or body image disorders.

5. Nutrient Deficiency: An energy imbalance can also lead to deficiencies in essential nutrients if food choices are poor, impacting overall health and well-being.

In summary, maintaining a balance between energy intake and expenditure is crucial for achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight and preventing health-related issues. This highlights the importance of a balanced diet and regular physical activity.