In a network flow problem, what represents junction points connecting branches?

In a network flow problem, junction points connecting branches are typically represented as nodes (or vertices) in a graph. Each node serves as a point where different paths (or edges) meet, allowing for the flow of resources such as water, data, or traffic. The connections between these nodes are represented by directed or undirected edges, which indicate the flow direction and capacity between two nodes.

In many cases, these nodes can include sources (where flow originates), sinks (where flow is collected), and intermediary junctions that facilitate the flow between various paths. The structure of the graph formed by these nodes and edges plays a critical role in analyzing and optimizing the flow through the network.