To determine which of the given options is NOT a cause of pre-renal acute kidney injury, we can analyze each option's relation to pre-renal factors.

1. **Dehydration**
- Dehydration decreases blood volume, leading to reduced blood flow to the kidneys. This is a common cause of pre-renal acute kidney injury.

2. **Shock**
- Shock, which includes various types like hypovolemic or cardiogenic shock, reduces renal perfusion due to low blood pressure or blood volume. It is also a cause of pre-renal acute kidney injury.

3. **Heart Failure**
- Heart failure can lead to decreased cardiac output and subsequently reduced renal perfusion. It is considered a pre-renal cause of acute kidney injury.

4. **Kidney Stones**
- Kidney stones primarily cause post-renal acute kidney injury through obstruction of urinary flow. They do not directly lead to decreased perfusion of the kidneys, thus they are not classified as a pre-renal cause.

### Final Answer
**Kidney stones** are NOT a cause of pre-renal acute kidney injury.

Question

To determine which of the given options is NOT a cause of pre-renal acute kidney injury, we can analyze each option's relation to pre-renal factors.

1. **Dehydration**
   - Dehydration decreases blood volume, leading to reduced blood flow to the kidneys. This is a common cause of pre-renal acute kidney injury.

2. **Shock**
   - Shock, which includes various types like hypovolemic or cardiogenic shock, reduces renal perfusion due to low blood pressure or blood volume. It is also a cause of pre-renal acute kidney injury.

3. **Heart Failure**
   - Heart failure can lead to decreased cardiac output and subsequently reduced renal perfusion. It is considered a pre-renal cause of acute kidney injury.

4. **Kidney Stones**
   - Kidney stones primarily cause post-renal acute kidney injury through obstruction of urinary flow. They do not directly lead to decreased perfusion of the kidneys, thus they are not classified as a pre-renal cause.

### Final Answer
**Kidney stones** are NOT a cause of pre-renal acute kidney injury.

Knowee AI · Accepted Answer

To determine which of the given options is NOT a cause of pre-renal acute kidney injury, we can analyze each option's relation to pre-renal factors.

1. **Dehydration**
   - Dehydration decreases blood volume, leading to reduced blood flow to the kidneys. This is a common cause of pre-renal acute kidney injury.

2. **Shock**
   - Shock, which includes various types like hypovolemic or cardiogenic shock, reduces renal perfusion due to low blood pressure or blood volume. It is also a cause of pre-renal acute kidney injury.

3. **Heart Failure**
   - Heart failure can lead to decreased cardiac output and subsequently reduced renal perfusion. It is considered a pre-renal cause of acute kidney injury.

4. **Kidney Stones**
   - Kidney stones primarily cause post-renal acute kidney injury through obstruction of urinary flow. They do not directly lead to decreased perfusion of the kidneys, thus they are not classified as a pre-renal cause.

### Final Answer
**Kidney stones** are NOT a cause of pre-renal acute kidney injury.

All of the following are causes of PRE-RENAL acute kidney injury (renal failure) EXCEPT?Group of answer choicesDehydrationShockHeart failureKidney stones

Question

All of the following are causes of PRE-RENAL acute kidney injury (renal failure) EXCEPT?

Solution

Final Answer

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