How much energy is required to change a 100-g ice cube from ice at –10°C to steam at 110°C?

To solve this problem, we need to consider several steps because the ice needs to go through different phase changes and temperature changes. We'll need to use the specific heat capacities for ice, water, and steam, the heat of fusion for ice, and the heat of vaporization for water.

Here are the values we'll use:

• Specific heat of ice = 2.09 J/g°C
• Specific heat of water = 4.18 J/g°C
• Specific heat of steam = 2.03 J/g°C
• Heat of fusion for ice = 334 J/g
• Heat of vaporization for water = 2260 J/g

Step 1: Heating the ice from -10°C to 0°C q1 = mass * specific heat ice * change in temperature q1 = 100g * 2.09 J/g°C * 10°C = 2090 J

Step 2: Melting the ice at 0°C to water at 0°C q2 = mass * heat of fusion q2 = 100g * 334 J/g = 33400 J

Step 3: Heating the water from 0°C to 100°C q3 = mass * specific heat water * change in temperature q3 = 100g * 4.18 J/g°C * 100°C = 41800 J

Step 4: Boiling the water at 100°C to steam at 100°C q4 = mass * heat of vaporization q4 = 100g * 2260 J/g = 226000 J

Step 5: Heating the steam from 100°C to 110°C q5 = mass * specific heat steam * change in temperature q5 = 100g * 2.03 J/g°C * 10°C = 2030 J

The total energy required is the sum of the energy required for all these steps: q_total = q1 + q2 + q3 + q4 + q5 = 2090 J + 33400 J + 41800 J + 226000 J + 2030 J = 292320 J

So, the energy required to change a 100-g ice cube from ice at –10°C to steam at 110°C is 292320 Joules.