Using case examples, accurately apply and explain the jurisdiction of criminal courts.

The jurisdiction of criminal courts in England and Wales refers to the types of cases they can hear and decide. Here's a step-by-step explanation using case examples:

1. Magistrates' Court: The Magistrates' Court handles most criminal cases. It deals with 'summary offences' (less serious offences), such as minor traffic violations and minor assaults. For example, in the case of R v Smith (2010), the Magistrates' Court dealt with a case of minor assault.

2. Crown Court: The Crown Court deals with 'indictable offences' (more serious offences), such as murder, rape, and robbery. It also hears appeals from the Magistrates' Court. For instance, in the case of R v Adams (2012), the Crown Court dealt with a case of robbery.

3. Court of Appeal: The Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) hears appeals from the Crown Court. An appeal can be based on a point of law, a point of fact, or a sentence. For example, in the case of R v Jogee (2016), the Court of Appeal heard an appeal on a point of law relating to joint enterprise.

4. Supreme Court: The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land. It hears appeals from the Court of Appeal and, in some cases, directly from the Crown Court. Its decisions set legal precedents that lower courts must follow. For instance, in the case of R v Gnango (2011), the Supreme Court made a landmark decision on joint enterprise in criminal law.

In conclusion, the jurisdiction of criminal courts is based on the seriousness of the offence, and each court plays a crucial role in the administration of criminal justice.