Literature review/survey is a – Continuous process Initial stage process Offline process All of the above

A literature review or survey can be considered as all of the above.

1. Continuous process: A literature review is a continuous process because as new research and literature emerge, the review must be updated to include these new findings.

2. Initial stage process: It is also an initial stage process because it is usually the first step in research projects to understand what has already been done on the topic and identify gaps in the existing literature that the research can fill.

3. Offline process: While much of the research can be done online, there are often resources that are only available offline. Therefore, a literature review can also be an offline process.

So, the answer is "All of the above".